This is a simulated metagenomic dataset used for benchmarking the ancient microbiome profiling workflow aMeta (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.510579v1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.03.510579) against HOPS (https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-019-1903-0). The dataset was simulated using gargammel https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27794556/ software. Both ancient and modern reads were simulated, sequencing errors and Illumina adapters were added. The simulated datase was built by Nikolay Oskolkov, Lund University, Sweden, within the NBIS SciLifeLab long-term support project, PI Anders Götherström, Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden. Questions regarding the index should be sent to nikolay.oskolkov@scilifelab.se DOI: 10.17044/scilifelab.21261405